The term non-woven is used to describe fabrics that have not been made from yarns.

The fibres are bonded together by either:

• Using adhesive
• Stitching a web of fibres together
• Applying heat to fuse thermoplastic fibres together
• Needling; punching a web of fibres with needles

Bonded fibres are used for: interfacing, filter cloths, wonderfelt, carpets and disposable clothing.

Laminated fabrics

Two or more fabrics are stuck together like a sandwich
Laminated fabric is used for:

• curtains
• coats
• mattress covers

Foam is often used as one layer and this is good for insulation

Stretch fabrics

Modern synthetic stretch yarns, such as elastane are mixed with other fibres. This new fibre has revolutionised clothing, particularly sportswear.

Felting

A very old way of making fabric. Woollen or other fibres are felted together with heat and moisture and then pressed.

It is a weak fabric that does not fray

It is ideal for craft work and toy making and because it can be moulded, many hats are made from felt.